Grammarist

phrasal adjective

A phrasal adjective (also known as an adjective phrase or compound adjective) is a phrase that modifies a noun.

Phrasal adjective before a noun

When a phrasal adjective precedes a noun, use a hyphen or (for phrases of three or more words) hyphens. This makes things easier for your reader and helps prevent miscues—for example:

scary-sounding bus accident

. . . razor-sharp wit and over-the-top characters to create a twang-tinged, toe-tapping twist . . .

coming-of-age story

We make exceptions for phrasal adjectives beginning with -ly adverbs:

poorly run bank

closely held positions

Phrasal adjective hyphenation

When two closely related phrasal adjectives have similar ending elements, remove the ending element from the first phrase and leave the hyphen, like so:

the four- or five-year-old girl

Most phrasal adjectives that follow their nouns are left unhyphenated. However, there are few conventional exceptions—for example:

That would be ill-advised.

There are many who think e-mail is old-fashioned . . .

Phrasal adjectives and units

When a phrasal adjective denotes an amount, a number, or a duration, the unit is singular:

the four-story, 50-unit senior citizens apartment complex

65.5-million-dollar projection

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English usage guide

Category: Adjectives

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